Symbols used in Patent Drawings
Some fields with their own specific symbols are mechanical, electrical, architectural, medical, construction, piping, plumbing, fiber optics, cartography and heat & ventilation.
Symbols used in patent drawings pull from the fields that the drawings relate to. There may be the same symbols to describe similar items or they may have different symbols to illustrate a particular item. The premise for patent drawings is to use symbols that are recognized and acceptable in the field the drawings relate to.
The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) states “Graphical drawing symbols may be used for conventional elements when appropriate. The elements for which such symbols and labeled representations are used must be adequately identified in the specification. Known devices should be illustrated by symbols which have a universally recognized conventional meaning and are generally accepted in the art. Other symbols which are not universally recognized may be used, subject to approval by the Office, if they are not likely to be confused with existing conventional symbols, and if they are readily identifiable”1
Besides graphic symbols in patent drawings, the Greek alphabet is used to indicate angles, wavelengths, and mathematical formulas.
The following symbols and legends for patent drawings are displayed in “Guide for the Preparation of Patent Drawings” available from the USPTO website at www.uspto.gov
Since the USPTO has a limited amount of approved symbols displayed in their “Guide for the Preparation of Patent Drawings” they supply the following information as a source for symbols: “The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private non-profit organization whose numerous publications include some that pertain to graphical symbols. Such publications, for examples, Graphic Symbols for Fluid Power Diagrams, IEEE Standard Graphic Symbols for Logic Functions, Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams, are considered to be generally acceptable in patent drawings. ANSI headquarters are at 1819 L Street, NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, with offices at 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036. The organization’s Internet address is www.ansi.org. Although ANSI documents and other published sources may be used as guides during the selection of graphic symbols for patent drawings, the Office will not “approve” any published collection of symbols as a group because their use and clarity must be decided on a case-by-case basis.”2
ANSI has a very large graphical symbol database; however access to their database is not free. Subscriptions are available for 12 month terms and can cost several hundred dollars. You can also purchase single packages for as little as $29.00.
Fortunately, many symbols are available on the internet. If you type “heat exchanger symbol” in a search bar, you get thousands of related symbols. A search of “drafting symbols” yields numerous lists of architectural, electrical, machining, mechanical, welding and engineering symbols.
Computer-aided design (CAD) packages have their own library of symbols from which related symbols can be selected and plotted on a drawing. Each software package (architectural, plumbing, mechanical, and electrical) contains symbols for various materials and pieces of equipment.
The following pages contain symbols that we have compiled from various sources. We find these useful for patent drawings relating to electrical and mechanical fields.
Endnotes
- MANUAL OF PATENT EXAMINING PROCEDURE Chapter 600 Parts, Form, and Content of Application V.DRAWING STANDARDS 37 CFR 1.84. Standards for drawings.608.02 (n)Symbols
- MANUAL OF PATENT EXAMINING PROCEDURE Chapter 600 Parts. Form. and Content of Application IX. Drawing Symbols, 37 CFR 1.84 (n) Internet sources for symbols: Piping and instrumentation diagram-www.pipingguid.net: Hydraulics & pneumatics chapter 4 ISO symbols & Glossary: AutoCAD P&ID pump symbols
